Landscape lighting is a part of the overall lighting of the city, which not only has lighting functions, but also beautification and decoration functions. Outdoor landscape lighting design has a wide range, including night lighting of buildings, night lighting of squares, night lighting of bridges, landscape lighting of towers, etc. In the process of landscape lighting design, we must pay attention to the unity of the whole and the part, the part and the individual, and the unity of artistry and technology. Let's take a look at the content of landscape lighting design!
Outdoor landscape lighting design
1. Night lighting of buildings
The most commonly used night lighting of buildings are floodlighting, contour lighting, and internal transparent lighting. Flood lighting on building facades is to directly illuminate the building facade at a certain angle calculated by the design to reshape the building's night image. The effect can not only show the whole picture of the building, but also effectively show the shape, three-dimensional sense, decorative stone materials and material texture, and even decorative details of the building.
Flood lighting is not simply to reproduce the daytime image of a building, but to use the means of light, color and shadow of projection lighting to recreate a more moving, beautiful and majestic image of a building at night.
Architectural contour lighting is to use line light sources (string lights, neon lights, beautiful lights, light guides, LED light strips, whole-body light-emitting fibers, etc.) to directly outline the architectural contour. Irradiating the edge of the building with narrow beams of light can also play a role in outlining the contour.
Internal transparent lighting is the use of indoor light or lamps installed in special locations to transmit light from the inside of the building to the outside, forming an exquisite and transparent night lighting effect.
2. Night lighting of the square
The shape and area of the square are both amorphous and diverse, and the installation of lighting must be based on the premise of satisfying functional lighting, and the function of the square should be fully realized according to the inherent characteristics of the square.
Square landscape lighting, first of all, to unify the landscape lighting of the buildings around the square with the lighting of the square, to coordinate the lighting of the square and the roads around the square, and to unify the inherent culture.
Square lighting mainly includes: fountains, square floors and signs, tree arrays, entrance and exit lights of underground shopping malls or subways, and surrounding green spaces, flower beds and other environmental lighting groups
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3. Night lighting of the bridge
Modern bridges are mostly modern steel cable-stayed bridges, with double towers and single towers. The shape of the cable-stayed bridge is characterized by the cable. The lighting of the bridge will focus on highlighting this feature. With different lamps and ingenious artistic techniques, a huge harp stands on the river and the river.
In order to enhance the overall effect of the festive atmosphere of the bridge, an art lamp can be placed every 4-5 meters along the road on both sides of the bridge to make the chain into a shining pearl item
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The facade floodlighting of the main tower can be divided into three aspects. When projecting light from below to above, the entire main tower should be illuminated with crystal clarity, whiteness, and grandeur. This is the top priority of the bridge landscape.
In order to make the main tower fully illuminated and have a good perspective effect, a platform should be set up under the road surface, and floodlights should be used to illuminate the tower foundation on the upper part of the water surface from top to bottom, so that the lighting effect of the tower is like a giant standing on the river.
4. Landscape lighting for towers
The tower body is usually composed of several basic parts such as the base, the tower body, and the top of the tower, which form a harmonious whole. The architect gave each part a corresponding meaning when designing. They all have corresponding functions or functions. From an aesthetic point of view, their aesthetic value lies in erecting a landmark for an area, so the completion of each part of the tower body
The overall lighting performance is very important. Just showing a certain part or favoring one over the other will alienate the overall image of the tower. The lighting settings of each part of the tower body should take into account the needs of viewing. The top part of the tower is usually for long-distance viewing, and the lighting brightness should be appropriately higher. The part of the tower body is often rich in details and carries the architectural style. The lighting method should be selected in a targeted manner, and the components and carvings of the tower body should be carefully depicted. The main parts of the tower body should be highlighted with accent lighting techniques.
The tower base is a part of the people, and the lighting performance of this part is to complete the integrity of the image of the tower. The lighting provided for them should take into account people's feelings when viewing at close range. In terms of lighting brightness, light tone, light projection direction, etc., the configuration should be aimed at people's visual comfort.
As far as the entire tower is concerned, from the bottom up, the illumination of the lighting should be gradually increased, which can create a sense of towering and conform to people's visual laws when viewing the scenery.
5. Landscape lighting of flyovers Overpasses are often located on urban traffic arteries and are an important part of the overall effect of urban landscape lighting. Viewing flyovers from a distance from a high viewpoint, they are lanes that travel up and down and then spread out everywhere. The image of the lane is mainly expressed by the railings on the side of the lane. Overpasses are multi-level, multi-lane vertical overlap, and the expression of layered depth, etc., in order to truly reflect the landscape charm of overpasses.
Green space should be set up in the flyover area, which plays an important role in adjusting the landscape environment of the bridge area and should be fully utilized.
Viewing the panoramic pattern of the overpass from a high viewpoint, there are not only the outline of the lane lines, but also the light composition and light sculpture in the green space, as well as the bright lines formed by the street lights in the bridge area. These lighting elements are integrated to form an organic overall picture.
6. Landscape lighting for water features
Waterscape is an important part of garden landscape. There are many types of waterscape, such as large lake waterscape with open water surface and rippling blue waves, as well as water features such as streams, fountains, waterfalls and cement pools.
The night scene lighting method of the water surface is mainly to use the real scene of the water surface and the lighting of the trees and railings on the shore to form reflections on the water surface. Reflections and real scenes contrast each other, set off and reflect each other, and the dynamic effect of reflections makes people full of interest and beautiful.
For fountains and waterfalls, underwater lighting can be used to illuminate underwater lamps of the same or different colors in a certain pattern. The effect is magical and unique.
7. Landscape lighting for trees
Trees are one of the four elements that make up a garden landscape. There are many varieties of trees and various shapes. In addition to beautifying the environment and for people to appreciate, they also have the effect of regulating and protecting the environment. Lighting should be treated differently according to the height, size, shape characteristics and color of trees.
8. Functional lighting for park roads
The lighting method of the road in the park: The road is the veins of the garden, leading visitors to various scenic spots from the entrance. The path twists and turns, creating a different effect of moving scenery and winding paths. The lighting method should be closely related to this characteristic.
9. Landscape lighting for sculpture sketches
Sculpture products and signs in the garden, one is ornamental; the other is commemorative. Lighting should start from the characteristics of the sculpture, especially for key parts such as: the head, the sculpture sketches in the garden, signs, states, materials, colors and the surrounding environment. Use the side to project light from top to bottom, and should not be uniformly illuminated from the front, so as to create a lighting effect with a real look, suitable brilliance and strong three-dimensional sense. Narrow beam of light lamps should be selected with appropriate light sources, to avoid the direction of visitors' line of sight, to prevent glare interference.
10. Landscape lighting of ancient buildings
Chinese classical architecture can be described as unique and self-contained. It has its own inherent characteristics in materials, shapes, planes and spatial layouts. The main buildings are centered, and other buildings develop to both sides according to the central axis. The architectural form is basically composed of three parts: the foundation, the roof and the house body.
The roofs of Chinese classical buildings are often made of soft curves, surrounded by stilts with cornice, covered with green gray tiles or glass tiles, which is one of the inherent characteristics of Chinese classical architecture itself. Therefore, accurately grasping this feature and highlighting it at night in the form of lighting is the key to Chinese classical architectural lighting.
Door arches made of criss-crossing end trees have become a unique formation of Chinese classical architecture. The oil-decorated paintings of beam-column door arches add beauty to the building through colorful patterns. The use of appropriate lamps to select appropriate light sources is the focus of Chinese classical architectural lighting.
In view of the layout, shape, color and materials of Chinese classical architecture are different from those of modern architecture, the lighting, color scheme and lamp shape should be used to highlight the characteristics of ancient architecture and strive to accurately express its unique classical architecture, culture and artistic connotation.
In the specific design, it should be used flexibly, and different landscape lighting methods should be adopted according to the specific conditions of the designed object.
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