Light it Right: Comprehensive Guide to Classroom Design

Lighting Design In Different Areas Of The School

1. General classroom lighting design
(1) Ordinary classroom desks are arranged regularly, and the general lighting method of evenly laying lamps on the ceiling should be adopted. In order to reduce the glare area and the reflection area of the light curtain, fluorescent lamps should be arranged vertically, that is, the long axis of the lamps is parallel to the main line of sight of the students and perpendicular to the blackboard.
(2) If classroom lighting fixtures can be arranged over the channel of the vertical blackboard, so that the classroom desktop can be illuminated from both sides, the lighting effect will be better.
(3) In order to ensure the uniformity of illumination, the distance-to-height ratio (1h) should be no greater than the maximum allowable distance-to-height ratio of the selected lamp county. If the above conditions cannot be met, the lamp spacing z can be adjusted to the height of the lamp, or the lamp can be added, re-arranged, or the lamp model can be changed to meet the requirements.

(4) The height of the lamp county has a certain impact on the lighting effect. When the height of the lamp county increases, the illuminance decreases; when the height of the lamp county increases, the influence of glare increases and the uniformity decreases. The height of the ordinary teaching rate lamp from the ground should be 2.5~ 2.9m, and the distance from the class table should be 1.75~ 2.15m.

2. Blackboard lighting design
If only general lighting fixtures are installed in the classroom, the vertical illumination on the blackboard is very low and the uniformity is poor. Therefore, for special lighting fixtures under the blackboard, the lighting requirements are as follows
(1) Special lamp counties with asymmetric light intensity distribution characteristics should be used, and the protective angle of lamp counties on the student side should be greater than 40, so that students do not feel direct glare.
(2) Blackboard lighting should not generate direct glare from teachers, nor should it generate reflected glare from students. In the design, the height of the lamp and the wall surface of the blackboard should be reasonably determined
The distance.
The principle of its lighting is as follows:

① In order to avoid reflecting glare on students, the lighting area in Blackboard Light County is as follows: the first row of students look at the top of the blackboard, and use this line of sight to reflect the distance from the image point to the ceiling to connect the P point with the top of the blackboard as a dotted line. The lamps should be arranged in the area above the dotted line of the connection. 

② The teacher stands on the podium, and the lamps should not be arranged within the 45 ° elevation angle of the horizontal line of sight, otherwise it will cause a large direct glare to the teacher.

3. Ladder classroom lighting design
(1) The number of lamps in the stepped classroom is large, and the glare interference increases. It is advisable to choose lamps with better glare-limiting performance, such as lamps with grilles or with diffuse reflection plates (covers). Open lamps with larger protective angles. When conditions permit, lighting lamps with larger glare can also be concealed in combination with ceiling building decoration. Divide the classroom ceiling into pieces and make it into a sharp chop shape. The lamps are concealed by the lower protruding part, and their light is projected forward. The backscattered light is intercepted and projected forward through the lamp reflector. Students hardly feel it
Direct glare. 

(2) In order to reduce the reflection and glare effects of light curtains, it is recommended to use light strips (continuous or discontinuous) and multi-tube block lighting solutions, and single-tube lighting solutions are not recommended. 

(3) The lamps should be ceiling-mounted or embedded. When using the hanging installation method, it should be noted that the hanging height of the front lamps should not block the line of sight of the rear students and produce straight
Glare should not affect the projection effect of slides, movies, etc.
(4) When the blackboard in the stepped classroom is equipped with special lighting, the projection screen should be set at a position separate from the blackboard. Generally, it can be placed next to the blackboard, and when playing, the light can also be turned on to illuminate the blackboard at the same time. In order to reduce the impact of blackboard lighting on the projection effect, the projection screen should be as far away from the blackboard lighting area as possible and at an angle to the ground.

(5) Considering the convenience of slide and movie projection, it is advisable to control indoor lighting at the podium and projection. When conditions permit, dimming control can be achieved for part or all of the general lighting. When the general lighting is gas discharge lamps, overhead lamps or wall lamps of some incandescent light sources can be installed and dimmed

4. Library lighting design
(1) The main visual tasks in the library are reading, searching for books, etc. In addition to meeting the illumination standards, the lighting design should strive to improve the lighting quality, with particular attention to
Reduce glare and light curtain reflection. 

(2) There are many lights in reading rooms and libraries. Energy-saving measures should be considered in terms of lamps, lighting methods, control programs and equipment, management and maintenance, etc. 

(3) Emergency lighting, duty lighting or guard lighting should be installed in important libraries. Emergency lighting, duty lighting or guard lighting should be part of general lighting and should be controlled separately. Duty or guard lighting can also use part or all of emergency lighting.
(4) The public lighting in the library and the lighting in the work (office) area should be separately distributed and controlled.

(5) Attention should be paid to safety and fire prevention in the selection, installation, and layout of lamps and lighting equipment.

5. Campus landscape lighting design
LED has brilliant colors, rich shapes, dynamic light with strong penetration, and is very energy-saving and environmentally friendly. It is one of the most scientific lighting methods at present. Because of its own unique advantages, it is widely used in today's campus landscape lighting design, and it also creates a miracle of decorative effect.

Campus lighting standards

1. Excellent illumination
The average illuminance value maintained on the classroom desk should not be less than 300lx, and the illuminance uniformity should not be less than 0.7; the classroom blackboard should be equipped with local lighting, and the average illuminance value maintained should not be less than 500lx, and the illuminance uniformity should not be less than 0.8.
2. No glare
The uniform glare value (URG) of the classroom should not be greater than 19. According to the data, the glare value of traditional T8 bracket fluorescent lamps and LED ordinary lamps without glare treatment is greater than 20, which is easy to cause dazzling.
3. High color rendering index
The color rendering index of classroom lighting sources should not be less than 80. According to the data, the color rendering index of traditional T8 bracket fluorescent lamps and LED ordinary lamps without glare treatment is around 70, but less than 80. However, if the color rendering index does not reach 80, it will distort the image.
4. No light stroboscopic hazard
The stroboscopic effect on vision is the most obvious, which is very easy to distract students and reduce the efficiency of learning. Traditional T8 fluorescent lamps have a particularly serious stroboscopic phenomenon when starting and voltage is unstable, and when the current is stable, the light stroboscopic (fluctuation depth) is also greater than 40%, and the light stroboscopic of ordinary LED lamps is also greater than 20%. Learning in this environment for a long time is also easy to cause visual fatigue. The stroboscopic of professional LED educational lighting is less than or equal to 3.2%, far lower than the first two.
5. Moderate color temperature
Classrooms should use light sources with a color temperature of 3300K-5500K. Most of the current professional LED educational lighting fixtures have a color temperature of 5000K, which belongs to warm white light. However, many schools use traditional T8 fluorescent lamps and ordinary LED lamps, which have a color temperature greater than 6500K and belong to cold white light.
6. No blue light hazard

I believe everyone is familiar with the word "blue light". The most commonly used word in optical shops is "anti-blue light". Ordinary LED lamps are not treated with anti-blue light treatment, but there are hazards. Professional educational lighting LED lamps have been professionally treated and have reached the exemption level, and there is no blue light hazard.